PRONOUNS
Definition
A pronoun (I,
me, he, she, herself, you, it, that, they, each, few, many, who, whoever,
whose, someone, everybody, etc.) is a word that takes the place of a noun. In
the sentenceJoe saw Jill, and he waved at her, the
pronouns he and her take the place
of Joe and Jill, respectively. There are three types of
pronouns: subject (for example, he); object (him);
orpossessive (his).
KINDS OF PRONOUNS
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SINGULAR
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PLURAL
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subjective
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objective
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possessive
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subjective
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objective
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possessive
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1st person
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I
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me
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my, mine
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we
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us
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our, ours
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2nd person
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you
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you
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your, yours
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you
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you
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your, yours
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3rd person
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he
she
it
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him
her
it
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his
her, hers
its
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they
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them
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their, theirs
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Personal
pronouns have the following characteristics:
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1.
three persons (points of view)
1st person - the one(s) speaking (I me my mine
we us our ours)
2nd person - the one(s) spoken to (you your yours) 3rd person - the one(s) spoken about (he him his she her hers it its they their theirs)
Examples
2.
three genders
feminine (she her hers)
masculine (he him his) neuter (it its they them their theirs)
Examples
3.
two numbers
singular (I me my mine you your
yours he him his she her hers it its)
plural (we us our ours you your yours they them their theirs)
Examples
4.
three cases
subjective
(I you he she it we they)
possessive (my mine your yours his her hers our ours their theirs) objective (me you him her it us them)
Examples - subjective case
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Examples - possessive case
Examples - objective case
NOTE: Because of
pronoun case, the pronoun's form changes with its function in the
sentence. Follow this link to pronoun case for
more information.
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Demonstrative
pronouns can also be used as determiners.
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Example:
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Hand me that hammer.
(that describes the noun hammer)
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Demonstrative
pronouns can also be used as qualifiers:
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Example:
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She wanted that much
money? (that describes the adjective much)
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C. Reflexive /
Intensive Pronouns : the "self" pronouns
These
pronouns can be used only to reflect or intensify a word already there in the
sentence.
Reflexive /
intensive pronouns CANNOT REPLACE personal
pronouns.
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Examples:
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I saw myself in
the mirror. (Myself is a reflexive pronoun, reflecting the pronoun I.)
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I’ll do it myself.
(Myself is an intensive pronoun, intensifying the pronoun I.)
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Note: The following words
are substandard and should not be used:
theirselves theirself hisself ourself
Singular:
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one
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someone
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anyone
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no one
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everyone
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each
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somebody
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anybody
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nobody
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everybody
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(n)either
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something
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anything
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nothing
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everything
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Examples:
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Somebody is
coming to dinner.
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Neither of
us believes a word Harry says.
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Plural :
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Examples:
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Both are
expected at the airport at the same time.
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Several have
suggested canceling the meeting.
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Singular with
non-countables / Plural with countables:
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Examples:
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Some of
the dirt has become a permanent part of the rug.
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Some of
the trees have been weakened by the storm.
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Indefinite
pronouns use apostrophes to
indicate possessive case.
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Examples:
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The
accident is nobody’s fault.
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How will
the roadwork affect one's daily commute?
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Some
indefinite pronouns may also be used as determiners.
one, each,
either, neither, some, any, one, all, both, few, several, many, most
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Note the
differences:
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Each person
has a chance.
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(Each is
a determiner describing person.)
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Each has
a chance.
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(Each is
an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)
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Both lawyers
pled their cases well.
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(Both is
a determiner describing lawyers.)
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Both were
in the room.
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(Both is
an indefinite pronoun replacing a noun.)
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E. Interrogative Pronouns:
Interrogative
pronouns produce information questions that require more than a “yes” or “no”
answer.
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Examples:
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What do
you want?
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Who is
there?
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Relative
pronouns introduce relative (adjectival)
clauses.
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Note:
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Use who, whom, and whose to
refer to people.
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Use that and which to
refer to things.
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